b'| AWARENESS GUIDEFIVE CATEGORIES OF WPV Refusal to assist when requested Relational aggressionType 1: Criminal Intent- Violent acts com- Patronizing or condescending language Horizontal violencemitted by criminals who enter the workplaceRefusal to mentor new staff Verbal abuseto commit crimes. The perpetrator has noMockery using shift/weekend positionsAbusive supervisionlegitimate relationship with the business or itsto control staff assignments Disruptiveemployees. Instead, the violence is incidentalUnwarranted or constant criticismto another crime such as robbery, shoplifting,Theft DETERMINANTS FOR VIOLENCEor trespassing. Acts of terrorism are examplesTeasing or cruelty Patient risk factors for perpetrating violence of this category of violence. Questioning the victims competence involve complex factors; pain, cognitive Type 2: Customer/Client- Violent actsUndermining personal values and beliefs impairment, substance misuse, severe mental committed by those who are the recipientsAvoiding eye contact during attemptedillness without adequate therapeutic interven-of the workplaces services. The violent per- communication tion, history of violent behavior and victims of son has a legitimate relationship with theOne study found that nurses do not rec- aggression, authoritative trust issues, access to business, such as a student, client, customer,ognize or identify horizontal violenceweapons, and dissatisfaction with their care. patient, or inmate, and becomes violentwhen witnessed or experienced. The nursesMichelle Mahon, RN, explains, healthcare when served by the industry. attributed the action to the individuals per- is not focused on wellness. The system cre-Type 3: Worker-to-Worker- Violencesonality, work ethic, stressors outside theates a situation where there is so much stress, against coworkers or management by cur- workplace, or work-related events. where people cannot get preventative care, rent or former employees. The risk for thiswhere they are worried about whether they type of violence increases with failure toHARASSMENT will have to file for bankruptcy. People suf-perform background or criminal checks- Harassment is a type of workplace violencefer from food insecurity. This type of stress is during the hiring process or when downsiz- based on age, disability, race, color, language,leading to violence, and it all comes together ing occurs. HIV status, domestic circumstances, political,in that hospital room. The system is broken.Type 4: Personal- Violence committed innational or social origin, minority association,The characteristics of health care facil-the workplace by a non-employee who has aproperty, birth, or another group. The behaviorities which increase the risk for violence relationship with an employee. This categoryis unsolicited and demeans the dignity of theencompass:includes victims of domestic violence whoemployee. The two types of harassment include: Those located in suburban, highly popu-experience assaults or threats while at work.Sexual harassment involves unwanted,lated, high crime areasType 5: Ideological Violence- Violenceunreciprocated, and unwelcome conduct ofSmall and isolateddirected at an organization, its workers, andsexual nature that is offensive to the victim,Understaffed, utilize extended shifts, property for ideological, religious, or politicalcausing a person to feel threatened, humil- and require overtime shiftsreasons. Extremists perpetrate this violenceiated, or embarrassed. Sexual harassmentInsufficient resources (including inade-who feel their beliefs justify the violence.often creates a hostile working environmentquate equipment)causing stress and fear. Accept violence as part of their cultureHORIZONTAL/LATERAL VIOLENCE Discriminatory harassment includes anyManagement style based on intimidation This type of aggression is physical, verbal, orthreatening behavior based on religion, race,Experience pressure from down-sizingemotional abuse of an employee in an equallanguage, national origin, association withInadequate security protocols and or lesser position. Horizontal violence can bea minority, birth, or other unwanted statusproceduresovert or subtle. A few examples of this type ofand affects the victims dignity.Lack of staff training and preparednessabuse include: Poor communication and interpersonal Verbal insults BULLYING conflictsSarcasm Bullying is persistent, nonsexual, occurs with- High levels of employee absenceBackstabbing out physical aggression, involves an imbalancePrevious history of violenceScapegoating of power or privilege, hostile and unwelcome,High-risk units (psychiatric, emergency Impatience not necessarily intentional, and results indepartments, waiting areas, and long-Gossiping harmful effects on the victim. Research hasterm care)Humiliation found that both patients and coworkers bully-Exclusion or isolation ing contributes to decreased work satisfaction,EFFECTIVE WPV PROGRAMSRudeness productivity, and increased staff turnover. Numerous studies conducted on WPV pre-Yelling Bullying includes the following actions: vention programs have yet to identify spe-Sabotage Hazing cific successes. Creating a culture of safety Withholding information Mobbing and zero tolerance is a first step in address-www.elitecme.com |2020| AWARENESS GUIDE 7'