b'| INFECTIOUS DISEASE GUIDEInfectious Disease TrendsThe latest statistics on some common diseasesBy Krystina Ostermeyer RN, BSN, CDEI nfectious diseases are illnesses that are spread person-to-person;Nonspecific symptoms; this phase lasts two to three days. The they are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria,following symptoms may be experienced:viruses, fungi, or parasites. Persistent coughInflamed eyes (conjunctivitis)MEASLES Sore throatTRENDS Acute illness and rash; this phase is when the characteristic In 2019, there were approximately 1,300 cases of measles from Januarysymptoms develop. A skin rash with large, flat blotches develop. through Novemberthis was the largest recorded amount of cases ofKopliks spots develop in the mouthwhite spots with blu-measles in 27 years. ish-white centers and a red background. The fever begins to rise This past years cases were largely in Orthodox Jewish communitiessharply, often as high as 104 to 105 degrees. Eventually the rash in New York Cityin fact, approximately 75% of the cases were housedrecedes.in these areas. The outbreaks likely began by travelers overseas return- Communicable period; the communicable period lasts from ing to the United States who hadnt received a measles vaccine. four days prior to the rash developing to four days after the rash develops.SYMPTOMSSymptoms of measles typically occur 10 to 14 days after exposure toTREATMENTthe virus. The symptoms occur over a period of two to three weeks: There is no specific treatment for measles. It is a virus and when it Infection and incubation; during this phase, there are no symp- develops, it must run its course.ISTOCKtoms as the virus incubates Supportive care is typically recommended. As a fever is present, www.elitecme.com |2020| INFECTIOUS DISEASE GUIDE 15'